ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the socio-historical contexts of previously established tools that measure attitudes toward “homosexual,” gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans, and queer people are reviewed (attitudes toward non-binary/genderqueer people have not been explored in these ways). Seven LGBTQ Measurement Principles that highlight the importance of the intersections between gender and sexuality are offered. In addition, hetero-cis-normativity measurement tools are detailed. Finally, these new ways to measure LGBTQ stigma and hetero-cis-normativity are situated in NCST. Overall, this chapter both explains and establishes the measurement tools that are utilized in Part II’s exploration of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory (NCST) and LGBTQ stigma. In particular, bringing the Principles offered here into the LGBTQ Stigma Scales and the theoretical model of NCST demonstrates the importance of norm centrality and social power as both organizational and justification for enduring negativity that stigmatized people experience.
