ABSTRACT
The Chinese revolution of 1911 ended the Qing dynasty but did not end Chinese rule in Xinjiang. Instead, it ushered in a period of Chinese warlord rule that ended in rebellion and the secession of three of the province’s ten districts, which formed their own independent state in 1944. Thus the first half of the twentieth century saw the region move from colonial outpost, through successive Chinese warlord regimes, to partial independence, being incorporated into the PRC in 1949.
