ABSTRACT
In October 1928, Benjamin Schlesinger was named president of the International. The next month, Herbert Hoover was elected president of the United States. “I have no fear for the future of our country,” proclaimed Hoover at his inauguration early the next year. “It is bright with hope.” At that moment, Schlesinger might well have whispered to himself: “I fear for the future of our union. It is dark without hope.”
