ABSTRACT
French insurrectionary spirit and verbal audacity captured the imagination of the powerless Russian intelligentsia. When Russian intellectuals looked for an industrial model, West meant the England of the industrial revolution. Modern socialist theory was grievously derailed by a misunderstanding of industrialization. As the alliance between industrialism and militarism and a close fusion of banking and industrial capital distinguished the industrialization of backward Germany from its English model, so the fusion of statism with industrialism distinguished the Russian model from the German and the English. A word should be said here about Professor Gerschenkron's illuminating analysis of the ideological banners under which industrialization has been undertaken, justified, and exalted, in various types of backward countries. Though the main impetus for industrialization came from the Russian government, which needed no more banner than that of military might and governmental power, there was a notable change in the attitude of the intelligentsia toward industry in the course of the eighties and nineties.
