ABSTRACT
Incarcerated women are oft described as 'too few to count', a depiction which holds true for the entire western world. Women, as Nolan points out, live in the shadows of the criminal justice system. This shadowing means that incarcerated women have been subject to enduring discrimination, alienation, abuse and neglect. When women prisoners are noticed (as with the establish ment of women-only prisons in the nineteenth century) their treatment has oscillated between victimising, patronising, marginalising, and stereotyping.
