ABSTRACT
This chapter summarises the effects of systemic disease on the eye. It focuses on the diseases of the specific ocular structures. Ocular manifestation diseases are diabetes mellitus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, thyroid disease, hypertension, giant cell arteritis, herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster virus, tuberculosis, sarcoid, Behcet's disease, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, toxocara, rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, neurofibromatosis, migraine and reflective activity. Hypertension causes a retinopathy. Changes to the walls of the retinal vasculature result in the presence of exudates, wool spots, flame haemorrhage and retinal oedema. Giant cell arteritis, or temporal arteritis, is a condition affecting those from the over-60s age group, affecting all arteries, and having an effect especially on the heart and kidneys. Herpes simplex virus causes a conjunctivitis and keratitis resulting in a dendritic corneal ulcer. In the eye, the herpes zoster virus affects the trigeminal nerve. Tuberculosis can cause a uveitis.
