ABSTRACT
This short chapter summarizes the main result of reviewing Rawls’s justice as fairness, Gutmann and Thompson’s deliberative democracy, and James Buchanan’s constitutional economics. The two main lessons that can be drawn from reviewing the major approaches are: (a) The major second-order theories view disagreement about facts and norms as a threat that needs to be neutralized, tamed and contained as a prerequisite for their favorite political order to be realized, and (b) none of the reviewed second-order theories was able to pass the RoCD Test.
