ABSTRACT
This chapter maps the dependent variable that is the domestic institutional change to fight corruption across three policy sectors: civil administration, public finance management and public procurement. It shows that these policy sectors posed similar levels of misfit between domestic structures and international anti-corruption norms in the late 1990s. Empirical evidence shows that the Turkish legal and institutional structure was partly in place to fight corruption in the public sector. The chapter traces the adoption of legal and administrative changes in line with the international anti-corruption norms and programs and maps the cross-sectoral variation in more detail. It describes the institutional change in the policy area as a "shallow institutional change" — where instances of legal change are found together with a low level of administrative change. The chapter also describes the institutional change in the policy sector as selective institutional change, where a low level of legal change coincided with a high level of administrative change.
