ABSTRACT
Even the most determined enemies of Bolshevism failed, until the beginning of 1930, to foresee the scope of Stalin's policies of total collectivization and forced industrialization. The reaction to forced industrialization was the same. Everybody had known for a long time about the various plans for a forced-march industrialization. In order to promote "socialist industrialization" and to obtain foreign currency, the Soviet government dumped Russian grain on the world market. Surely the Soviet government, which boasted of organizing the country's entire economy in accordance with a prepared central plan incorporating the minutest details of production and distribution, export and import, should have foreseen the dreadful catastrophe and taken measures to prevent it. The radical changes in economic policy and the general line were inevitably accompanied by equally drastic changes in the Communist Party, in the organization of its governing bodies, particularly the Central Committee, and in its method of governing the country.
