ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the dissemination of Japanese and Korean popular culture in China before the year 2011. The culture policy and censorship has limited the importation of Japanese culture products according to the fluctuating diplomatic relationship. Propaganda aims to stigmatise fans as delinquents and thus the fandom of Japanese popular culture remains a subculture despite a decade of dissemination. It also faces general resistance from the public because of anti-Japanese sentiments. The chapter also discusses how this subculture status enabled Japanese popular culture to be disseminated through underground, semi-underground and informal channels despite the pervasive anti-Japanese sentiment. It examines the differing formation of two fandoms and fan cultures. The chapter reveals both the macro structure and meso level organisations that shape the different fan perceptions of patriotism and foreign culture. The formation of Japanese fandom and the formation of Korean fandom is also discussed.
