ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the American colonial state in the Philippines. American and French ethnologists were not alone in their support of colonial projects. Two archaeologists helped establish a de facto system of British colonial rule in Iraq after World War I. The US colonial administration the so-called Philippine Commission employed social scientists to help accomplish their objectives once the fighting diminished. Among the most influential was Albert E. Jenks, who served as Chief of the Ethnological Survey of the Philippine Islands from October 1903 until June 1905. The efforts of the anthropologists of the Philippine Ethnological Survey, it is clear that its scientists took an extraordinarily paternalistic view of the indigenous mountain villagers of the archipelago. Japanese officials stated objective was to protect these groups from the Chinese population, but it is clear that they had political and economic motives as well, particularly the development of camphor plantations.
