ABSTRACT
FROM one point of view the whole of human history from the neolithic to the eighteenth century can be treated as one period and the Industrial Revolution till today as another. Many of the same patterns repeat themselves. The British Empire had something in common with the Roman; the destruction of Greece through internecine war leading to the dominance of Macedon are repeated in this century in European wars leading to the dominance of the United States. But there are three characteristics of the modern age which distinguish it from the past - the hypertrophy of the nation state (which some modern attempts at internationalism have done little to check), the application of science to production and the penetration of money values into every aspect of life.1
