ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on four Gestalt principles: proximity; similarity; continuity; closure. In the Pragnanz spirit of creating order, the chapter presents a summary of the Gestalt principles. It also shows some international graphic symbols presently in use. Proximity applies to the temporal arrangement of events. Things that occur close together in time will tend to be grouped together. Similarity is a prerequisite for noticing difference. Photographers sometimes use similarity and grouping as symbolic associations. When someone tries to represent visual and auditory experiences through the use of sight-and-sound media, it is imperative that a good continuity of events be established. People derive satisfaction from being able to participate in closure. Every artist who paints or photographs nudes knows that what is excluded is as important as what is included. The viewer is allowed the freedom to participate to form closure.
