ABSTRACT
The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) described in this book comprises a small proportion of traditional agricultural systems dispersed over many countries and regions. These agricultural systems all reflect common traits of rich biodiversity, knowledge systems, cultural diversity and environmental resiliency. The persistence of these systems tells a fascinating story of the ability and ingenuity of humans to adjust and adapt to the vagaries of a changing physical and material environment from generation to generation (Marten, 1986). The custodians of these systems represent an abiding commitment to conservation and respect for nature, agricultural patrimony and a legacy of considerable importance, even though modern agriculture constantly threatens the sustainability of these people and their inheritance. Because many of these traditional agricultural systems represent a wealth and breadth of accumulated knowledge and experience in the management and use of resources, it is imperative that they be considered as nationally and globally significant resources that require protection and conservation while being allowed to evolve dynamically (Koohafkan, 2012). It is suggested that such ecological and cultural resources are of fundamental value to the future of humankind.
