ABSTRACT
Industrialization and mass transportation together helped create a new urban form that was distinct from the old walking city, and a way of life radically different from that of the countryside. The railroads helped to complete the national urban network whose framework was laid in the first half of the century. Suburban builders promised a combination of urban comfort and rustic simplicity, made possible by technological innovation. This chapter discusses explains the African-American audiences could gain access to commercial amusement only in all-black venues or, occasionally, on separate days or in designated balconies. It explains the Mass transit transformed the shape of the city, stimulating both outward sprawl and greater specialization of land use. Besides physical expansion and the specialization of land use, a third consequence of mass transportation was its effect on population mobility. In Los Angeles, San Diego, and Santa Barbara, the growing Anglo population transformed the local economy, lowering the status of "Californios" of Latino ancestry.
