After three decades of effort, the government has transformed the free health care system into a contributory social health insurance system. It has established a multi-layered health insurance system, which includes the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI), the New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCMS), the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) and the Critical Illness Insurance Scheme (CIIS). And the reform process is still going on. The government under the leadership of Xi Jinping has the goal of providing accessible and affordable health care for all the Chinese people. However, this is not an easy task because many problems have to be solved before the government can carry out further reform and move forward to achieve universal health care (UHC).