ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the effects of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in Arizona and New Mexico within this framework of a multitude of activities. It focuses on the effects of the NHPA on the management of the archaeological history of Native American populations. The chapter examines the development and impact of State Historic Preservation and Tribal Historic Preservation offices, as well as the origins of federal and state preservation programs. In the early 20th century, both Arizona and New Mexico began to develop coherent approaches to managing and preserving the wealth of subsurface and surface remains of Native occupation. Population growth in New Mexico has centered on the Rio Grande; in Arizona, growth has been in the Phoenix and Tucson basins. Currently, New Mexico's Archaeological Records Management Section (ARMS) database holds records for 170,000 cultural resources, and Arizona's Archaeological Records Office (AZSITE) database has records of 89,000 resources.
