ABSTRACT
The urban reform movement that took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century's cast a very broad net and was one of the most influential of the many attempts to reform the nature of American politics. This chapter examines that under district systems, the presence of Mexican Americans on the city council influences the policy decisions of the council in the areas of municipal employment, municipal salaries, and the appointment of Mexican Americans to city boards and commissions. It explores that enhanced bureaucratic representation of minorities can lead to enhanced political representation suggests that this goal can have substantial impact in more than one sense. The chapter explains that minorities pursue not only an electoral strategy but also a bureaucratic employment strategy. It argues that voter turnout in education board elections is related to organized efforts to turn out the vote of a particular group and to the saliency of issues in any given election.
