ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the context of the debate on large dams that led to the establishment of the Commission. It begins with a broad look at the past and present 'drivers' of the demand for water, and the role of large dams in meeting this demand. It presents general patterns and trends in the development of large dams during the 20th century, along with a brief description of the main purposes for building dams. The chapter also introduces the scale and significance of the benefits, costs and impacts of large dams. Finally, it traces the establishment of the Commission and highlights the mandate given to it in response to the debate on large dams. It lays out the methodology adopted and the process followed by the Commission. A growing population and a rising level of economic activity both increase human demand for water and water-related services. Development, technological change, income distribution and life-styles all affect the level of water demand.
