ABSTRACT

A native of Hefei in Anhui Province, Gong Dingzi 龔鼎孳 passed the imperial examination and received a Jinshi degree in 1634. In 1652, during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor (1638-1661), he was appointed Superintendent of the Translation Bureaux.157 He continued to rise through the ranks and, in time, was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Rites.