ABSTRACT
As Elizabeth returned to her office, she could not even express her frustration. No matter how well she prepared for her meetings with the President of the university, he threw something different at her, took different steps to make her feel small and stupid, and left her deflated and defeated. Bullies will often use many different tactics against the same target as we see in the case of the university President tormenting Elizabeth. Workplace bullying often takes the form of interpersonal communications. The personal bully in the workplace often looks like the stereotypical schoolyard bully in the types of tactics they employ. Organizational bullying was very common for research participants in all forms of author’s research – including the qualitative interviews, the narrative definitions, and author’s own participant observation of workplace bullying. Research respondents including targets described the use of scheduling, task assignment, shift assignment, performance evaluations and investigation policies as tools of workplace bullying.
