ABSTRACT
This chapter explores theory, techniques and processes for crowd management and crowd control planning. Crowd management concerns the facilitation of both the activities and crowd members at an event, to not only ensure that the crowd are able to safely enjoy the event which they came to observe or to be part of, but also to encourage the crowd to behave in the desired manner. Crowd control, on the other hand, concerns the actions taken to organise the crowd once they begin to exhibit undesirable behaviours, such as disorder. Crowd simulation modelling for crowd safety and risk analysis has one objective, to develop a safer crowd management plan. A crowd model must not only include individual human motion and environmental constraints such as boundaries, but also address a bewildering array of dynamic interactions between people. Human crowd behaviour is complex and difficult to capture for computer mathematical equations used for crowd simulation programs.
