ABSTRACT
Pakistan's leadership was increasingly fearful that India was creating 'facts on the ground' in Kashmir and steadily eroding any local autonomy that remained. Pakistan's civilian IB ramped up its Kashmiri unconventional warfare (UW) program in response to New Delhi's efforts to assimilate the contested region. In 1957, the Pakistan army established the Special Services Group (SSG) with assistance from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and US Army. Pakistan had aided the Mizo National Front (MNF) insurgents, Thangliana added, but much of that aid had dried up after the 1965 war, and the movement was in the doldrums. After 1947, the specific area called 'Mizoram' was a geographic and cultural entity mainly comprised of Mizo tribesmen inside India and bordering on East Pakistan. The Indian security forces soon detected the improved capabilities of the Nagas on the battlefield, and a new cycle of accusations and denials ensued between New Delhi and Karachi.
