ABSTRACT
The Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) reported through the Joint Service Commander's Committee to the civilian government in Karachi. The 1958 coups accelerated the trend toward greater centralization of power, and it was under this rubric that ISI was given more domestic intelligence duties. In an unprecedented move, Ayub ensured that the three dominant intelligence agencies the IB, ISI and Military Intelligence reported directly to him. Ayub was especially concerned about recent unrest in the Navy as he made clear in his diary: Deputy Inspector General a civilian police position (DIG) and his associates have done an excellent job whilst the Naval Intelligence and ISI were fast asleep. As a member of Ayub's inner circle, ISI Director Riaz's top priority was ensuring that anti-Ayub elements did not emerge within the armed forces. The luster of Ayub's Basic Democracy system was wearing off amid widespread allegations of corruption involving members of his family.
