ABSTRACT
The Balochistan insurgency persisted throughout much of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's term in office mainly because he was unwilling to countenance any serious peace overtures to the guerrillas. In 1975, Bhutto appointed an Intelligence Reform Commission under a Pakistan People Party (PPP) stalwart named Rafi Raza whose purpose was to conduct an in-depth study of the community, identify its shortcomings, and recommend changes. Under Bhutto, Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) Internal Wing monitored communists, the minority Shia and Ahmadiyya populations, cabinet ministers, opposition parties, and PPP members of both the national and provincial assemblies. The Intelligence Reform Commission gave ISI its formal charter, established 'lanes of the road' responsibilities within the community and defined ISI's reporting chain to include the Joint Services Secretariat, the military services chiefs and the head of government. ISI has always handled the overall armed forces counter intelligence (CI) mission, which is vested in its Joint Counter Intelligence Bureau (JCIB).
