ABSTRACT
Many families or individuals who were radical liberals or supported popular liberalism before 1914, or their sons and daughters, continued to have the same political aspirations after 1918. Popular liberalism and National Socialism drew on speakers who were mobilized between or before election periods. The middle-class radicalism in both parties: one of the main features of popular liberalism in Germany was bourgeois radicalism, which in the period before 1914 was mainly expressed in the activities of the Young Liberals, or of the radicals within the National Liberal Party. Cultural codes and values of inclusion and exclusion were major features of liberal ideology in Germany, as of other political cultures. Popular liberalism of the late nineteenth century and National Socialism of the late 1920s "cherished the notion of a lost golden age, linked to the restoration of a lost reign of virtue", with its habits, customs and way of life.
