ABSTRACT
Among possible causes of workplace bullying are the organizational culture and the social system of the workplace. Studies have looked at the extent to which traditional organizational cultures tend to permit abuse of power and researchers have noted the tendency for organizations to treat the target of bullying behaviour as the problem. Organizational or institutional bullying often includes unjustified criticism and punishment and/or changes in the duties or responsibilities of the employee, without reasonable grounds for the change and to the employee's detriment. The ripple effect of bullying within a workforce can cause absentee levels to increase and morale to plummet. As a result, members of staff lack inspiration, become less motivated and less productive, and organizational effectiveness is reduced. In considering the issue of corporate bullying by virtue of the terms and conditions of arts employees, levels of pay and the incidence of objections to rates of pay, coupled with management's response to complaints could be indicators.
