ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to show how the conflicts discussed in the previous chapter have been addressed in law and in practice and examines the extent to which a resolution has been achieved. First, to assess the legal foundations of conflict resolution, some key legal instruments are examined, including the purpose statement, designated use pattern, compensation and participation. Although a preliminary normative framework is established in law, the real problem in China does not lie in legal expression but rather in legal practices. The enforcement of conservation law is subsequently discussed, and ad hoc law enforcement campaigns launched by the central authorities are critically examined. In this way, several paramount examples of enforcement deficiencies are identified, such as the rampant adjustment of nature reserves and the overlapping designation and management of PAs. Reasons for the enforcement gap in environmental law in general and in PA regulation in particular are identified and analyzed.
