ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on sectors that are more sensitive than others and there are strong interdependencies between key sectors: financial services, energy, transportation, supply chain, defence and security, government and communications. It suggests the potential for what is called a 'cascading failure'. Payment fraud involves credit card fraud, is a term often used to describe theft and fraud committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as a fraudulent source of funds in an online transaction. Staff fraud is one aspect of internal theft that involves the use of deception to steal funds, goods or services, as opposed to simple physical theft of goods or cash. In an ecommerce context, staff fraud can take several forms, including embezzlement and data theft. Vendor ecommerce fraud generally occurs when an online seller or service provider defrauds consumers or suppliers. The chapter focuses on the nation state in cyber security terms tends to be on attack from abroad by hostile states or their proxies.
