ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the ways in which designers can reduce the environmental and social impact across the life cycle and then reflect on how a needs-focused approach to design can also be taken. Design-focused approaches can determine a range of different issues, such as: the energy source, energy efficiency, dual functionality and the use of consumables. The chapter argues that because of their position in the product development process, designers have an innate responsibility to ensure that negative environmental and social impacts are minimised. It shows how designers can improve the environmental and social impact of the products they design by focusing on improving the impacts of different stages of the product life cycle or by concentrating on meeting human needs. It demonstrates that there are two different ways of approaching design for sustainability, by focusing on the product life cycle. Environmental improvements might include using less material and creating less impact from transport.
