ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the reader to some important theories that impact the design and effectiveness of e-learning. It presents an overview of the cognitive approach to learning, including how the human memory system processes and retains information, and cognitive load theory (CLT). The chapter includes an overview of the human memory system and CLT, the constructivist approach to learning, expert performance and the expertise reversal effect, and the cognitive apprenticeship approach to aviation training. It highlights key theories that directly impact the instructional design of effective e-learning. The chapter presents the cognitive apprenticeship approach has potential learning advantages over traditional classroom approaches. It explores to expert performance research, which explains how expertise develops and the expertise reversal effect. It also focuses on ways to improve the classroom component of pilot training; this section provides tips on how to enhance pilot problem-solving and critical-thinking performance during flight training and solo flight.
