Francis Seymour Haden began his career as a surgeon and member and then fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, but gained greater fame as an etcher and as an opponent of cremation. Haden's fame regarding the latter stemmed from his 1875 letters to The Times proposing what came to be known as the 'Earth to Earth' system. The Hanham cremations comprise three English cremations that took place in a purpose-built crematorium at Manston House, near Sturminster Newton, Dorset, on 8 and 9 October 1882 and 5 December 1883. The Revd H. R. Haweis served as one of the first members of the Cremation Society of England, joining 15 others in signing Sir Henry Thompson's original declaration in favour of cremation on 13 January, 1874. Hertz was a French sociologist/anthropologist whose theoretical contribution to an understanding of cremation is particularly important because of the distinction he drew between primary and secondary aspects of funerary rites.