ABSTRACT
This chapter looks at political mobilization in the selected countries, discussing their potential impact on right-wing activism online and offline. The norm of the German Penal Code forbidding the production and diffusion of material inciting hatred against parts of the population or against a national, racial, religious or ethnic group, has been recently extended to the Internet. In Italy, in contrast to what happened in other European countries, where right-wing extremist parties remained a fringe phenomenon with little electoral potential until the mid-1960s, the extreme right was soon, not long after the end of World War II, re-integrated into the political system. In the United States, the electoral system has always strongly penalized minor political parties and therefore the chance for the far right to have representation in institutions. Public opinion surveys conducted in Europe and in the United States show varying levels of trust in parliamentary institutions and political parties across the six countries.
