ABSTRACT
Introduction The integration of the European Union and the freedom of movement inside the 6FKHQJHQDUHDKDYHKDGGHHSLPSDFWVRQPRELOLW\LQERUGHUUHJLRQV2QHUHJLRQ WKDW KDV EHHQ HVSHFLDOO\ LQÀXHQFHG LV WKH *UHDWHU 5HJLRQ 6DDU/RU/X[ 7KLV UHJLRQFRPSULVHV/X[HPERXUJWKH*HUPDQIHGHUDOVWDWHVRI5KLQHODQG3DODWLQDWH and Saarland, Lorraine in France and Wallonia in Belgium. According to the 2EVHUYDWRLUH ,QWHUUpJLRQDO GX0DUFKp GH O¶HPSORL SHRSOH LQVLGH WKLV JHRJUDSKLFDODUHDOLYHDQGZRUNLQWZRGL൵HUHQWFRXQWULHV7KH\FRQVWLWXWHRQH quarter of the total number of cross-border commuters inside the European Union (82,(
Luxembourg is the economic driving force of the Greater Region. The attraction of the Luxembourgish labour market not only leads to high commuter rates but also to a steady demographic increase, and therefore also to an increase in real HVWDWHSULFHVQHDUWKH/X[HPERXUJLVKERUGHU7KHVHLPSRUWDQWFURVVERUGHUÀRZV create interdependencies between territories. Indeed, the Luxembourgish economy relies on the cross-border workforce that constitutes about 44 per cent of the salaried population. Half of these cross-border commuters come from France, a quarter from Belgium and the last quarter from Germany. Luxembourg provides employment to many people living on the other side of the border. In the French region of Lorraine, one in ten employees has a job outside France. In northern /RUUDLQH QHDU WKH ERUGHU WKLV SURSRUWLRQ LV VLJQL¿FDQWO\ KLJKHU DQG FDQEH DV much as 80 per cent for some small villages in the immediate vicinity of the ERUGHU%HONDFHPDQG3LJHURQ3LURWK7KLVSKHQRPHQRQLVVWUXFWXUDODQG has many consequences for territories on both sides of the border with regard to HFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWVSDWLDOSODQQLQJDQGVRRQ7KLVVSHFL¿FLW\RIWKHFURVV border situation needs to be taken into account when exploring these territories %HONDFHPDQG3LJHURQ3LURWK
The cross-border residential mobility we are studying in this chapter is linked to Luxembourg and its economic role within the Greater Region. Analysing residential mobility is complex, because there are many explanatory factors and LQWHUDFWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHP)DFWRUVOLQNHGWRKRXVLQJHJVL]HW\SHJHRJUDSKLFDO ORFDWLRQFDQFDXVHWKHPRELOLW\EXWVRFDQIDPLOLDORQHVPDUULDJHGLYRUFHWKH
ELUWKRIFKLOGUHQDVZHOODVWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIHPSOR\PHQWW\SHRIDFWLYLW\ VHFWRU RI DFWLYLW\ DQG LWV ORFDOL]DWLRQ SODFH RI ZRUN GLVWDQFH IURP KRPH WR ZRUN0RUHRYHURXUFDVHVWXG\LVVSHFL¿FEHFDXVHRILWVFURVVERUGHUIRFXV7KH ERUGHUVFUHDWHGL൵HUHQWLDOV HVSHFLDOO\ LQKRXVLQJSULFHVDQG WKHDYDLODELOLW\RI KRXVLQJ WKDW FDQ H[SODLQ WKH PRYHV WR WKH RWKHU VLGH RI WKH QDWLRQDO ERUGHU Furthermore, residential moves and daily commutes from home to work are interrelated, and moves are often the result of striking a balance between residential PRELOLW\DQGFRPPXWLQJ3LJHURQ3LURWK(DFKIDFWRULQÀXHQFHVWKHRWKHUV 2Q WKH RQH KDQG JRRG FRQQHFWLRQV E\ SXEOLF WUDQVSRUW E\PRWRUZD\V HWF favour longer distance daily journeys from home to work and extend the residential area of the commuters. When anchoring to a place is really important, long commutes can be an alternative to residential moves. Travel time often tends to be WDNHQDVWKHUHOHYDQWIDFWRUUDWKHUWKDQJHRJUDSKLFGLVWDQFH2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKH burden of the commutes can cause a residential move closer to the place of work. 2XUFKDSWHUDQDO\VHVWKHGHYHORSPHQWVRIWKHFURVVERUGHUUHVLGHQWLDOPRELOLW\RI people working in Luxembourg and living in the neighbouring countries, from quantitative as well as qualitative perspectives.
