ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the effect of the war on Iraq on the Europeanization of security, defence and foreign policy and across the EU's non-security policy areas. It deals with the diplomacy that preceded the war on Iraq between the British, French, German, and American governments as well as the diplomacy that occurred in the EU and UN. It places this diplomacy within the context of the internal EU diplomacy, particularly through the example of the British Government's Presidency of the EU in the last six months of 2005. The chapter reviews the Iraq case study, which brings out several important lessons for formal and informal Europeanization. It also argues that the Iraq war conversely facilitated the deepening Europeanization of soft-security functions, whilst providing a context in which economic and political integration has slowed. Crucially, the diplomacy concerning the Iraq crisis is part of a wider European contest to frame the nature of EU defence, security and foreign policy.
