ABSTRACT

There is a wealth of academic and empirical research which demonstrates the extent and effect of corporate fraud and corruption. For example, research by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (2002, 2004, 2006) in the US across a wide range of industries has repeatedly indicated that:

• fraud and corruption are widespread problems that affect practically every organisation • the typical organisation loses 5 per cent of its annual revenues to fraud and corruption.