ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the multi-faceted nature of learning outcomes is that originally put forward by Golembiewski, Billingsley and Jaeger. They highlighted the complexity of change in many learning interventions, and explain it by proposing three types of change that can occur alpha, beta and gamma change. Donald Kirkpatrick proposed a taxonomy of outcomes at four levels reactions, learning, behaviour and organizational impact. Reactions evaluations can also be used to ascertain specific views concerning pace, depth and breadth of content, and teaching and facilitating styles, as well as practical matters such as timing, programme support or even choice of venue. Beta change be described as involving some 'recalibration' of the measurement scale, for example where participants may have reassessed their level of prior knowledge on some dimension in between two measurements. gamma change be described in terms of involving a reconceptualization, or a major change in the frame of reference within which the learning takes place.
