ABSTRACT
International relations literature contains several theories that describe leader or regime character and governing actions. Opposing the realists and militarists are “pacifists.” Pacifism considers war to be morally objectionable, and the devout pacifist avoids all wars. Realism, militarism and pacifism are theories that help to explain what might cause a leader or regime to take action against another. The early Christians believed that God’s chosen rulers were the only entities with the authority to initiate conflict. Individuals could act in self-defense, but advancing grievances beyond self-defense required action by the higher authorities. Only legitimate nobles can declare war, and leaders must articulate a case for war and may use arbitration.
