ABSTRACT
The initial stage of norm emergence within the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) norm cycle continued with the appearance of norm entrepreneurs and their activities in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the period immediately prior to the norm cascade stage. Membership in Activist Organizations consists of individual activists and/or other like-minded organizations. These organizations include NGOs with no formal membership structures, in which case 'members' refers to supporters in general or to members of governing structures. The International Labor Rights Fund (ILRF) developed out of an informal Washington, DC-based group of individuals from various NGOs. Global Exchange was founded by a group of individuals working together on issues concerning development, social justice, right and access to food at the San Francisco-based think tank Institute for Food and Policy. The Model Code eventually was presented to the Dutch Federation of Retailers in the Textiles in late 1994, the Federation stated that they agreed in principle but had some reservations.
