The discussion on how long-term sustainability in development can be achieved by programme and project initiatives has intensified in recent years. Not very much empirical research exists on how public programmes and their related projects can lead to sustainable development in terms of growth, innovation, employment and competence enhancement. One explanation is the difficulty of studying long-term effects, as well as the lack of interest among financiers and politicians in these questions. Perhaps it is because the latter are satisfied with the prestige from different programme initiatives, and do not always wish to have a critical examination of whether results and effects are lasting and long term? Another problem is the lack of sustainability in project initiatives. The question can be put as to whether it is possible to secure long-term sustainable effects in projects with a very limited time frame, for example, two or three years?