ABSTRACT
Like the pilgrimage texts of earlier centuries, thirteenth-century ones fall into a number of different categories. Comte de Riant dated the text of Les pelerinaiges around 1231, roughly the same period as the chronicle of Ernoul and Bernard the Treasurer. This text is represented by a single fourteenth-century manuscript in Anglo-Norman French now in the British Library. The pilgrimage to Nazareth was made for the feast of the Annunciation in March 1251, when Louis was in Acre having been released from captivity in Egypt the previous May. Friar Maurice was a Franciscan of the convent of Bergen in Norway. In 1271, he accompanied Andrew Nicolasson on crusade to the Holy Land, leaving Selsey on 17 January and sailing west of Britain and Ireland to the straits of Gibraltar and then to Marseilles. Marino Sanudo's treatise also contains a portolan chart and guide for sailors, which is in fact a translation of a thirteenth-century Italian one, Il Compasso da navigare.
