ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses that how the policy legacies and pre-existing administrative structures influenced early twentieth-century infant welfare and anti-tuberculosis campaigns. It also identifies some important continuity in Swedish and British health policies that partly explain the variation in national responses to the problems of infant mortality and tuberculosis. The second half of the nineteenth century saw the proliferation of health care services in Swedish towns. Unlike the Swedish government, the British government showed little interest in guiding local communities in questions concerning health care and environmental cleanliness in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The British health policy shifted away from environmental concerns to a more individualistic focus. In the early years of the twentieth century, Birmingham was also looking for an innovative Medical Officer of Health. Strategies focusing on the individual vaccination, isolation hospitals and quarantine, and medical treatment were clearly given priority in the Swedish public health policy of the mid-nineteenth century.
