ABSTRACT
The evolution of the Risk Need Responsivity Model (RNRM) of offender classification and treatment in criminology has inadvertently extended criminology's legacy of treating issues of race as criminological offal into the field of practice. It draws particular attention to the criminological literature's role in both the reappearance of offender rehabilitation and establishing the RNRM as the preferred approach. In the mid 1990s, a set of principles for effective classification and treatment of offenders emerged from the correctional literature. The program integrity principle instructs correctional agencies to monitor how their staff use each of the risk, need, responsivity and professional discretion principles, in order to maintain the integrity of the Some of the core criminogenic needs identified by the RNRM include anti-social attitudes, anti-social associates or anti-social values. The professional discretion principle instructs correctional staff to use professional discretion at specific times in the classification process.
