This chapter argues that the category of the non-religious can be utilized in conducting research on religion or belief', and that it is possible to reach a sufficient level of conceptual agreement on what it means to serve as a basis for planning and implementing a research project. It outlines some of the key issues experienced by researchers investigating the non-religious. The chapter explores a range of methodological issues around how participant's self-definition can challenge the analytical categories devised by researchers, the dangers of approaching research with the non-religious through a religious frame and the challenges in framing questions for the non-religious within larger studies that also include the religious. It also explores the challenges of recruitment and sampling in a population that is neither easy to categorize nor well-understood, as well as of how the positionality of the researchers and the research environment impacts on research with the non-religious.