ABSTRACT
Innovation Studies has broadened its remit to social and cultural innovation without fully taking into account broader social, political and economic drivers of change. Christopher Freeman, the field's modern founder, derived National Systems of Innovation, a government orchestrated model, from the bureaucratic continuity between pre-war authoritarian and militaristic and post-war pacifist and democratic Japan. Triple Helix, developed in response to the effects of a regional precursor of the 1930s depression, is an extrapolation from anomaly to paradigm of an instance of Innovation in Innovation, a project that creates a new innovation format. It seeks to bring human agency into innovation theory to show how hybridization among institutional spheres occurs. A transformative experiment in innovation potentially solves the problem of uncertain funding support tied to the ups and downs of the business cycle by re-appropriating the traditional Keynesian logic of debt-financed government stimulus from physical to knowledge infrastructure.
