ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the dynamics of knowledge-based regional development—three triple helix spaces, and the roles of regional innovation organizers (RIOs). The horizontal triple helix model of university–industry–government spheres provides a synchronic view of relationships that produce innovative regions. Triple helix spheres may be supplemented by a diachronic model, the triple helix spaces that allows development of triple helix regions to be depicted over time in a non-linear progression in terms of three spaces: knowledge, consensus and innovation. The triple helix model influences China's innovation efforts, demonstrating its global significance while adapting to local circumstances. In China, the state plays the most important role in restructuring university and government research institutes at the national and local levels to create a triple helix innovation system focused on the creation of new enterprises. Moreover, China has introduced its top-down model of coordinating triple helix innovation, upgrading step by step from low- to high-tech start-ups.
