ABSTRACT
Philip's wars with England helped to bring on a conflict with the papacy. In 1294, after he had refused the services of Boniface as an arbitrator Philip included the clergy in the new taxes he levied to pay for the English war. Encouraged by the success of the Jubilee, Boniface sent a legate to Philip to protest against the taxation of the clergy, and Philip charged the legate, who was a personal enemy, with treason and imprisoned him. In the bulls Salvator mundi and Ausculta fili Boniface repudiated Philip's claims, protested against his infringement upon clerical privileges and again asserted papal supremacy. So implacable was Philip's hatred for Boniface VIII that he put continual pressure on Clement to have him posthumously condemned. But though to avoid doing this Clement granted almost all of Philip's other demands, he refused to have Boniface condemned.
