ABSTRACT
Many factors in the fashion industry affect its consumers, who spend increasing amounts of time seeking inspiration and information online and in traditional media when they select and buy fashion items, including cosmetics. The beauty of the human body has always been considered important in human society, but what is considered beautiful has changed throughout history and across cultures. The term body image was first defined in 1935 by Paul Schilder, an Austrian psychiatrist and pupil of Sigmund Freud, as "a person's perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body". Objectification is a pervasive form of sexual oppression in which the individual is viewed as a body for use or consumption by others. Although the majority of work on objectification has shown that women fare worse than men, the recent interest in protein powders, muscle enhancers, Viagra and hair loss remedies has negative effects on men's self-concepts.
