ABSTRACT
The second chapter discusses the present condition of the African continent in relation to water and sanitation issues, taking into consideration rapid urbanizing metropolises where water and sanitation are only partially serving the city through hierarchical infrastructure. The chapter is dived into four main sections: the changing urban context within the country, the state of the infrastructure system (on-site and off-site), the health condition in relation to water and sanitation, and the management of the resource within the urban environment.
