ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the issues related to mothers with special needs and some other conditions or situations that may also pose problems and challenges with breastfeeding. The issue of infant feeding should be raised as early as possible with HIV-positive mothers, or those at risk, and it will be the mother's informed decision how she intends to feed. PHE recommend that all pregnant women should be offered screening for Hepatitis B. Mothers at risk of tuberculosis (TB) are those who have been in an area where it is endemic or in close contact with someone who has the active disease. During pregnancy all mothers who smoke should be offered support and help to stop smoking and, where available, referral to a smoking cessation practitioner who will provide advice on how to give up or reduce smoking. Following Caesarean section mothers are at risk of delayed lactation. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex syndrome causing ovarian, endocrine and metabolic dysfunction.
